The study was conducted in the pure stands of Norway spruce (Picea abies L. The goal of our study was to find out whether changes in soil properties, including soil microbial activity and diversity among different stands, were already observable 45 years after the afforestation, and how the effects differed among stands of different tree species. In this regard, a research location in Vrchdobroč (Central Slovakia), which is former agricultural land used as pasture, enables the exploration of ecosystem processes and properties in stands of different tree species after afforestation. Knowledge of the effects of tree species on soil properties is important for planning of the composition of future forests. Several decades ago, many former pastures in Central Europe were afforested or colonized by trees after being abandoned. The intermixture and distribution of ash in beech-dominated stands resulted in an increase of the horizontal and vertical diversity of the soil habitat. Our results indicate that the abundance of ash in beech dominated forests on loess over limestone had a positive effect on soil chemical properties and reduced soil acidification. Soil pH, stocks of organic C, total N and exchangeable Mg2+ and Ca2+ correlated positively with increasing proportions of ash leaf litter to total leaf litterfall. Beech leaf litterfall showed the highest C:N ratio and lignin:N ratio. Ash leaf litterfall contained highest amounts of Mg and Ca. The stock of exchangeable Mg2+ and Ca2+ correlated positively with the annual input of the respective nutrient from leaf litterfall. The proportion of exchangeable Al3+ was smallest under ash and highest under beech. or Tilia platyphyllos Scop.) were selected and analyzed for their litterfall chemistry and chemical properties of the forest floor and mineral soil (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm).īase saturation, pH-value and the stock of exchangeable Mg2+ (0–10 cm) were highest under ash and lowest under beech. ![]() Triangles of three neighboring trees (tree clusters) that consisted of either one or two species of European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.), European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.) or lime (Tilia cordata Mill. We aimed to determine the influence of the distribution of different broadleaved tree species on soil chemical properties in a mature deciduous forest in Central Germany.
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